type skiplistLevel struct {
forward *Element
span int // 这一层跨越的节点数量
}
type Element struct {
Value Interface
backward *Element
level []*skiplistLevel
}
func (e *Element) Next() *Element {
return e.level[0].forward
}
func (e *Element) Prev() *Element {
return e.backward
}
func newElement(level int, v Interface) *Element {
slLevels := make([]*skiplistLevel, level)
for i := 0; i < level; i++ {
slLevels[i] = new(skiplistLevel)
}
return &Element{
Value: v,
backward: nil,
level: slLevels,
}
}
type Interface interface {
Less(other interface{}) bool
}
// Front returns the first elements of skiplist sl or nil.
func (sl *SkipList) Front() *Element {
return sl.header.level[0].forward
}
// Back returns the last elements of skiplist sl or nil.
func (sl *SkipList) Back() *Element {
return sl.tail
}
// Len returns the numbler of elements of skiplist sl.
func (sl *SkipList) Len() int {
return sl.length
}
// Insert inserts v, increments sl.length, and returns a new element of wrap v.
func (sl *SkipList) Insert(v Interface) *Element {
x := sl.header
for i := sl.level - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
// store rank that is crossed to reach the insert position
if i == sl.level-1 {
sl.rank[i] = 0
} else {
sl.rank[i] = sl.rank[i+1]
}
for x.level[i].forward != nil && x.level[i].forward.Value.Less(v) {
sl.rank[i] += x.level[i].span
x = x.level[i].forward
}
sl.update[i] = x
}
// ensure that the v is unique, the re-insertion of v should never happen since the
// caller of sl.Insert() should test in the hash table if the element is already inside or not.
level := randomLevel()
if level > sl.level {
for i := sl.level; i < level; i++ {
sl.rank[i] = 0
sl.update[i] = sl.header
sl.update[i].level[i].span = sl.length
}
sl.level = level
}
x = newElement(level, v)
for i := 0; i < level; i++ {
x.level[i].forward = sl.update[i].level[i].forward
sl.update[i].level[i].forward = x
// update span covered by update[i] as x is inserted here
x.level[i].span = sl.update[i].level[i].span - sl.rank[0] + sl.rank[i]
sl.update[i].level[i].span = sl.rank[0] - sl.rank[i] + 1
}
// increment span for untouched levels
for i := level; i < sl.level; i++ {
sl.update[i].level[i].span++
}
if sl.update[0] == sl.header {
x.backward = nil
} else {
x.backward = sl.update[0]
}
if x.level[0].forward != nil {
x.level[0].forward.backward = x
} else {
sl.tail = x
}
sl.length++
return x
}
// deleteElement deletes e from its skiplist, and decrements sl.length.
func (sl *SkipList) deleteElement(e *Element, update []*Element) {
for i := 0; i < sl.level; i++ {
if update[i].level[i].forward == e {
update[i].level[i].span += e.level[i].span - 1
update[i].level[i].forward = e.level[i].forward
} else {
update[i].level[i].span -= 1
}
}
if e.level[0].forward != nil {
e.level[0].forward.backward = e.backward
} else {
sl.tail = e.backward
}
for sl.level > 1 && sl.header.level[sl.level-1].forward == nil {
sl.level--
}
sl.length--
}
// Remove removes e from sl if e is an element of skiplist sl.
// It returns the element value e.Value.
func (sl *SkipList) Remove(e *Element) interface{} {
x := sl.find(e.Value) // x.Value >= e.Value
if x == e && !e.Value.Less(x.Value) { // e.Value >= x.Value
sl.deleteElement(x, sl.update)
return x.Value
}
return nil
}
// Delete deletes an element e that e.Value == v, and returns e.Value or nil.
func (sl *SkipList) Delete(v Interface) interface{} {
x := sl.find(v) // x.Value >= v
if x != nil && !v.Less(x.Value) { // v >= x.Value
sl.deleteElement(x, sl.update)
return x.Value
}
return nil
}
// Find finds an element e that e.Value == v, and returns e or nil.
func (sl *SkipList) Find(v Interface) *Element {
x := sl.find(v) // x.Value >= v
if x != nil && !v.Less(x.Value) { // v >= x.Value
return x
}
return nil
}
// find finds the first element e that e.Value >= v, and returns e or nil.
func (sl *SkipList) find(v Interface) *Element {
x := sl.header
for i := sl.level - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
for x.level[i].forward != nil && x.level[i].forward.Value.Less(v) {
x = x.level[i].forward
}
sl.update[i] = x
}
return x.level[0].forward
}
// GetRank finds the rank for an element e that e.Value == v,
// Returns 0 when the element cannot be found, rank otherwise.
// Note that the rank is 1-based due to the span of sl.header to the first element.
func (sl *SkipList) GetRank(v Interface) int {
x := sl.header
rank := 0
for i := sl.level - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
for x.level[i].forward != nil && x.level[i].forward.Value.Less(v) {
rank += x.level[i].span
x = x.level[i].forward
}
if x.level[i].forward != nil && !x.level[i].forward.Value.Less(v) && !v.Less(x.level[i].forward.Value) {
rank += x.level[i].span
return rank
}
}
return 0
}
// GetElementByRank finds an element by ites rank. The rank argument needs bo be 1-based.
// Note that is the first element e that GetRank(e.Value) == rank, and returns e or nil.
func (sl *SkipList) GetElementByRank(rank int) *Element {
x := sl.header
traversed := 0
for i := sl.level - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
for x.level[i].forward != nil && traversed+x.level[i].span <= rank {
traversed += x.level[i].span
x = x.level[i].forward
}
if traversed == rank {
return x
}
}
return nil
}